(Nmap ("NetworkMapper") is an open source network detection and security review tool. It's designed to scan large networks quickly, and of course it's fine to scan a single host. Nmap uses raw IP packets in a novel way to discover which hosts are on the network, what services those hosts provide (using program names and versions), what operating systems those services are running on (including version information), and what types of packets they use Filters/Firewalls, and a bunch of other features. Although Nmap is commonly used for security audits, many system administrators and network administrators also use it for mundane tasks such as checking information about the overall network, managing service upgrade plans, and monitoring the operation of hosts and services.
nmap guide.pdf
Including multiple files, please download and test by yourself!)
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