(With the deployment of Ethernet technology in operator networks (ie Metro Ethernet), the use of 802.1Q VLAN to isolate and identify users is greatly limited, because the VLANtag field defined in IEEE802.1Q only needs 12 bits. Only 4K VLANs can be marked, which is difficult for many users who need to be marked in Metro Ethernet, so QinQ technology came into being.)