(Overview of network maintenance (I) physical layer problems (II) data link layer problems (III) network layer (IV) protocol analysis (transmission layer to application layer) user network maintenance work three elements of network management maintenance:? Methods and tools for network maintenance? The structure of the operation and maintenance department and the division of labor? Common tools of technology on the network? Cable tester? Network monitor (SNMP, RMON, MIB)? Protocol Analyzer? Network management system media device? Validation test? WorldCom ets-1800 network management system fault management, billing management, configuration management, performance management, security management network testing technology NPM network testing technology? Protocol analysis (Application Analysis)? Provide packet identification and real-time analysis? Provide essential analysis of application problems? Traffic statistics (historical traffic statistics)? Collect and analyze network application information during the monitoring period? Provide trends and generate report documents? Security alert (intrusion detection)? Listen for abnormal applications in the network? Generate alarm log data capture (protocol analysis) - provide capture, decoding and expert analysis of data packets - provide essentially analytical traffic statistics for application problems (NPM traffic analysis function) - collect and analyze network application information during monitoring - provide trends, alarms and generate report documents network search (network management system) - provide directory, mapping and path analysis - provide switched and routed networks, User and security information)