(In general, the existing link bandwidth measurement technologies obtain the network delay characteristics by injecting active detection packets into the tested network, and calculate them through a specific model. They are mainly divided into single packet technology and single packet technology? And package pair technology. (1) The basic idea of single packet technology is to use the relationship between the unidirectional delay of packet transmission and the packet size to calculate, as shown in the following formula: owd= Σ』 I. j+q '+ Ti(1))